Liquefaction Mitigation

Measure related to shoreline stabilization opportunities to address seismic risk

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Installation at night © Fugro and SGH

DESCRIPTION:
Strengthened in situ soils (fill only) landside of the existing shoreline. This would mitigate liquefaction-induced settlements that would otherwise damage the Embarcadero, the promenade, the light rail and utilities.

TARGETED MEASURE: TYPE: Geotechnical		SHORELINE LOCATION: Landside

DESIGN LIFE:		ADAPTABILITY:		IMPACT ON THE WATERFRONT:		CONSTRUCTION COST:
100+ Years		Low		Minor Landside Intervention		Moderate

SEISMIC HAZARDS MITIGATED:		SEISMIC PERFORMANCE IMPROVED:

~~Lateral Spreading~~	Liquefaction	~~Structures~~	Utilities & Transportation

MEASURES COMPATIBILITY:
*Flood*	*Seismic*
None	Shoreline Stabilization Bulkhead Wharf Retrofit Utility Retrofit

CONSIDERATIONS:	ADVANTAGES:	DISADVANTAGES:

Locations of soil improvement determined by exposure of utility and transportation system components to liquefaction as well as accessibility to the liquefiable fill from the ground surface. Soil improvement would be limited to the liquefiable fill below the water table.	Measure specifically targets the soils which cause liquefaction-induced settlements. Requires less utility relocation work than landside shoreline stabilization measures. Waterfront buildings can remain occupied during construction. No in-water work.	Does not mitigate lateral spreading due to shoreline instability. Reduces but does eliminate vertical displacements due to shoreline instability. Requires careful monitoring of utilities during construction.

CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS TO THE PUBLIC:		SEA LEVEL RISE ADAPTATION OPPORTUNITIES:

Construction could occur mostly at night with evening closure of the Embarcadero, promenade and light rail guideway. Impacts to users of the promenade and the Embarcadero would likely be limited.		This measure does not present any opportunities for sea level rise adaptation.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

The heterogeneity of the fill would make it difficult to achieve a uniform density and strength using liquefaction mitigation.

SITE-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS:

Areas with a high concentration of utilities and/or large sewer structures would limit access to the fill below and may compromise the effectiveness of the improvement.
Difficult to access fill below light rail track slabs.

URBAN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

This measure does not present any urban design opportunities or considerations.

HISTORICAL RESOURCE CONSIDERATIONS:

This measure would not impact any historical buildings

INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTABILITY CONSIDERATIONS:

This measure would require closely spaced grid of injection points while avoiding existing utilities.
Drilling through light rail track slabs to access the fill would be required.
Monitoring of utilities during grouting operations would be required.

OTHER TYPES OF SEISMIC MEASURES:
Click the images and links below to explore other types of seismic measures.

Shoreline Stabilization

Nearshore Buttress	Landside Buttress	Drilled Shafts	Super Bulkhead Wharf

Targeted

Bulkhead Wharf Retrofit

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